The short answer
A social media algorithm is a ranking system, not a single rule. For each person opening the app, it pulls together everything eligible to show them, estimates how likely that person is to engage with each item, and orders the feed by that estimate. The whole process re-runs every time the feed loads.
What "signals" means
A signal is any measurable reaction the platform can learn from: whether someone stopped scrolling, how long they stayed, whether they liked, replied, shared, or hid the post, whether they clicked through to a profile. None of it is secret. These are the same actions a human editor would notice. The difference is scale, since the algorithm tracks them across billions of interactions and updates its predictions continuously.
Why early reaction tends to matter so much
Most platforms show new content to a small slice of an audience first, then decide whether to expand its reach based on how that slice responds. A post that earns strong engagement quickly from its first viewers gets tested with a wider group; one that gets ignored stops there. That is the practical reason posting when your audience is online helps more than the exact hour on a clock.
What this means for planning content
Since the algorithm is optimizing for genuine engagement from real viewers, the most reliable lever is the content itself: a strong hook, a clear point, a reason to comment or share, rather than a technical trick aimed at the ranking system. Consistency, format choices, and posting time all matter, but only insofar as they help the right people see and react to the content.