The short answer
Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a customer loyalty metric based on a single question: how likely a customer is, on a scale, to recommend a business to someone else. The score subtracts the share of detractors (low scorers) from the share of promoters (high scorers). It is a widely used, if imperfect, proxy for customer satisfaction and word-of-mouth likelihood.
Why this connects to social media specifically
A high NPS reflects the same thing that drives organic social proof and user-generated content: customers satisfied enough to recommend a business unprompted. A business with a strong NPS already has a pool of likely advocates worth inviting to share their experience, rather than starting a UGC or review effort from a cold audience.
A single score without context is commonly over-interpreted
A specific NPS number means little without an industry benchmark to compare against, since typical scores vary meaningfully by category. It is more useful tracked as a trend for one specific business over time than treated as a fixed, universal target to hit.