Multiple feeds, not one ranking system
Bluesky's defaults include a plain reverse-chronological "Following" feed and an algorithmically ranked "Discover" feed, but the platform is built on an open protocol that lets anyone build and publish a custom feed with its own rules: a topic-specific feed, a niche community feed, and so on. There is no single algorithm deciding what everyone sees.
What tends to help a post travel on Discover
Replies carry more weight than likes, since a reply signals that a post started a conversation rather than being glanced at. Reposts extend a post's reach outside its original audience, similar to how a share works on other platforms.
Custom feeds are a real discovery channel worth understanding
Because anyone can build a feed around a specific topic or community, getting into the right custom feeds can matter as much as performing well on the general Discover feed, sometimes more. The way in is posting content consistently relevant to that topic. Worth checking which topic-specific feeds exist in your niche and posting with those audiences in mind.